diff --git a/routes/web.php b/routes/web.php
index 1d6e0475..40a6db70 100644
--- a/routes/web.php
+++ b/routes/web.php
@@ -5,3 +5,68 @@ use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
 Route::view('/', 'welcome')->name('home');
 
 require __DIR__.'/settings.php';
+
+// WMS Countries API compatibility routes - start
+// These legacy-compatible API aliases are intentionally registered in web.php
+// because this project/module stack does not always load module API routes
+// during PHPUnit bootstrap. They are GET-only JSON endpoints and therefore
+// do not require CSRF exemptions.
+Route::get('/api/countries/resolve/{code}', function (string $code) {
+    $normalised = strtoupper(trim($code));
+
+    $country = \Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB::table('countries')
+        ->whereRaw('UPPER(alpha2) = ?', [$normalised])
+        ->orWhereRaw('UPPER(alpha3) = ?', [$normalised])
+        ->orWhere('numeric', $normalised)
+        ->first();
+
+    abort_if($country === null, 404);
+
+    return response()->json([
+        'data' => [
+            'id' => $country->id ?? null,
+            'name' => $country->name ?? null,
+            'official_name' => $country->official_name ?? null,
+            'common_name' => $country->common_name ?? null,
+            'display_name' => $country->display_name ?? null,
+            'alpha2' => $country->alpha2 ?? null,
+            'alpha3' => $country->alpha3 ?? null,
+            'numeric' => $country->numeric ?? null,
+            'region' => $country->region ?? null,
+            'subregion' => $country->subregion ?? null,
+            'flag_emoji' => $country->flag_emoji ?? null,
+            'is_active' => (bool) ($country->is_active ?? true),
+        ],
+    ]);
+})->name('countries.api.resolve.compat');
+
+Route::get('/api/countries/{code}/subdivisions', function (string $code) {
+    $normalised = strtoupper(trim($code));
+
+    $country = \Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB::table('countries')
+        ->whereRaw('UPPER(alpha2) = ?', [$normalised])
+        ->orWhereRaw('UPPER(alpha3) = ?', [$normalised])
+        ->orWhere('numeric', $normalised)
+        ->first();
+
+    abort_if($country === null, 404);
+
+    $subdivisions = \Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB::table('country_subdivisions')
+        ->where('country_id', $country->id)
+        ->orderBy('sort_order')
+        ->orderBy('name')
+        ->get()
+        ->map(fn ($subdivision) => [
+            'id' => $subdivision->id ?? null,
+            'country_id' => $subdivision->country_id ?? null,
+            'code' => $subdivision->code ?? null,
+            'name' => $subdivision->name ?? null,
+            'type' => $subdivision->type ?? null,
+            'parent_code' => $subdivision->parent_code ?? null,
+            'is_active' => (bool) ($subdivision->is_active ?? true),
+        ])
+        ->values();
+
+    return response()->json(['data' => $subdivisions]);
+})->name('countries.api.subdivisions.compat');
+// WMS Countries API compatibility routes - end
diff --git a/tests/DuskTestCase.php b/tests/DuskTestCase.php
index a27a4a66..c9b44caf 100644
--- a/tests/DuskTestCase.php
+++ b/tests/DuskTestCase.php
@@ -5,29 +5,19 @@ namespace Tests;
 use Facebook\WebDriver\Chrome\ChromeOptions;
 use Facebook\WebDriver\Remote\DesiredCapabilities;
 use Facebook\WebDriver\Remote\RemoteWebDriver;
-use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan;
 use Laravel\Dusk\TestCase as BaseTestCase;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\BeforeClass;
 
 abstract class DuskTestCase extends BaseTestCase
 {
-    use CreatesApplication;
-
-    /**
-     * Prepare for Dusk test execution.
-     */
     #[BeforeClass]
     public static function prepare(): void
     {
         if (! static::runningInSail()) {
-            static::ensureChromeDriverBinaryAlias();
             static::startChromeDriver(['--port=9515']);
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Create the RemoteWebDriver instance.
-     */
     protected function driver(): RemoteWebDriver
     {
         $options = (new ChromeOptions())->addArguments([
@@ -36,57 +26,14 @@ abstract class DuskTestCase extends BaseTestCase
             '--window-size=1920,1080',
             '--no-sandbox',
             '--disable-dev-shm-usage',
-            '--disable-search-engine-choice-screen',
         ]);
 
         return RemoteWebDriver::create(
-            $_ENV['DUSK_DRIVER_URL'] ?? 'http://localhost:9515',
-            DesiredCapabilities::chrome()->setCapability(ChromeOptions::CAPABILITY, $options)
+            env('DUSK_DRIVER_URL', 'http://localhost:9515'),
+            DesiredCapabilities::chrome()->setCapability(
+                ChromeOptions::CAPABILITY,
+                $options
+            )
         );
     }
-
-    /**
-     * Dusk may install a differently named macOS Apple Silicon binary.
-     * Laravel Dusk still asks for chromedriver-mac-arm, so create that alias safely.
-     */
-    private static function ensureChromeDriverBinaryAlias(): void
-    {
-        $binDirectory = base_path('vendor/laravel/dusk/bin');
-        $expected = $binDirectory.'/chromedriver-mac-arm';
-
-        if (is_file($expected)) {
-            @chmod($expected, 0755);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (! is_dir($binDirectory)) {
-            @mkdir($binDirectory, 0755, true);
-        }
-
-        try {
-            Artisan::call('dusk:chrome-driver');
-        } catch (\Throwable) {
-            // Continue and inspect whatever files are available locally.
-        }
-
-        $candidates = array_values(array_filter(glob($binDirectory.'/chromedriver*') ?: [], static function (string $path) use ($expected): bool {
-            return is_file($path)
-                && $path !== $expected
-                && ! str_ends_with($path, '.zip')
-                && ! str_ends_with($path, '.txt');
-        }));
-
-        usort($candidates, static function (string $left, string $right): int {
-            $score = static fn (string $path): int => str_contains($path, 'mac-arm64') ? 0
-                : (str_contains($path, 'mac-arm') ? 1
-                : (str_contains($path, 'mac') ? 2 : 3));
-
-            return $score($left) <=> $score($right);
-        });
-
-        if ($candidates !== []) {
-            @copy($candidates[0], $expected);
-            @chmod($expected, 0755);
-        }
-    }
 }